Ransomware attacks typically begin with an infected email, malicious downloads, or direct exploitation of vulnerabilities in the system. Once the ransomware infects a device, it encrypts files or even the entire system. The user is then presented with a ransom note, often demanding payment in cryptocurrency, where failure to pay within a specified time can lead to permanent loss of data. Ransomware can target individuals, businesses, and government entities, leading to significant financial loss and disruption of operations.