Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) are tools used to assess how a project or initiative will affect the privacy of individuals by evaluating the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information. The process often involves identifying potential privacy risks, examining the necessity and proportionality of the data collected, and implementing measures to mitigate identified risks. Organizations are required to conduct a PIA especially when developing new projects or systems that could impact personal privacy, ensuring compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.