Market surveillance encompasses the processes and tools employed by financial regulatory bodies and exchanges to monitor trading activity across various markets. Its primary goal is to detect and prevent fraudulent practices, such as insider trading or market manipulation, thereby fostering a fair trading environment. Surveillance systems analyze order and transaction data in real-time to identify suspicious activities, trigger alerts, and facilitate investigations into potential misconduct. As the financial landscape becomes increasingly complex, particularly with the rise of digital assets and decentralized finance (DeFi), robust market surveillance has become essential to maintain trust and integrity in these ecosystems.