Layer-2 scalability solutions aim to improve the performance of blockchain networks by handling transactions off the main blockchain (Layer-1) and then periodically settling them on-chain. This framework allows for increased transaction speeds and reduced fees, as it alleviates the burden on the main chain, which may face limitations due to its consensus mechanism and block size constraints. Popular Layer-2 solutions include state channels, sidechains, and rollups (such as Optimistic and ZK-rollups). These technologies not only enhance user experience but also contribute to broader adoption of decentralized applications by making them more efficient and cost-effective.