Embedded systems are designed to handle specific tasks and are often integrated into other devices. Unlike general-purpose computers, which can run a variety of applications, embedded systems are engineered to perform a defined set of functions and can be found in items like home appliances, automobiles, medical devices, and industrial machines. These systems typically consist of a microcontroller or microprocessor, memory, input and output interfaces, and the software that allows them to operate. They are known for their efficiency, reliability, and real-time operation capabilities.