Distributed algorithms enable multiple computers or nodes to coordinate with each other to solve computational problems, share resources, or achieve consensus, even in the presence of faults or unpredictable delays. These algorithms are crucial for the functioning of decentralized systems like blockchain and peer-to-peer networks, where nodes may not have access to a shared memory or reliable communication. Common examples include consensus algorithms like Paxos and Raft, load balancing solutions, and distributed data storage systems.