Cohesion models address how different elements within a decentralized application (dApp) or ecosystem can work together effectively. They focus on creating seamless interactions between various parts of the system, such as smart contracts, user interfaces, and data storage. Cohesion models help in identifying dependencies and ensuring that changes in one area do not negatively impact others, thereby promoting stability and reliability in decentralized networks. Two primary approaches in cohesion models are vertical integration, where different layers of functionality are combined, and horizontal integration, which connects similar functionalities across different systems. These models are particularly critical in the context of decentralized finance (DeFi), Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and decentralized governance, where multiple stakeholders interact frequently.