Brute force attacks are one of the simplest forms of cyber attacks where an attacker attempts to gain access to a system by trying every possible combination of passwords or encryption keys. This can be done using automated tools that can try thousands of combinations per second. While this method guarantees eventual success, it can be very time-consuming, and the success of the attack is highly dependent on the complexity of the password or key being targeted. To defend against brute force attacks, many systems implement account lockout policies, use two-factor authentication, or encourage users to create complex passwords.